碳化硅颗粒增强铝基复合材料颗粒表面改性技术研究现状

SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料因具有高的比强度、比刚度、耐磨性及较好的高温稳定性而被广泛应用于航空航天、电子、医疗等领域，但由于SiC颗粒高熔点、高硬度的特点以及SiC颗粒与铝基体间存在界面反应，碳化硅铝基复合材料存在加工性差、界面结合力不足等问题，已无法满足航天等领域对材料性能更高的要求，因此开展如何改善基体与颗粒之间界面情况的研究对进一步提升复合材料综合性能具有重要的科学意义。结合国内外现有研究成果，总结了SiC颗粒与铝基体界面强化机制、界面反应特点、表面改性技术原理及数值建模的发展现状，结果表明，现有经单一表面改性方法处理后的增强颗粒对铝基复合材料性能的提升程度有限，因此如何采用新的手段使复合材料性能进一步提升将成为后续研究热点，且基于有限元数值模拟方法进行复合材料设计也是必然趋势。最后针对单一强化性能提升有限的问题，提出了基于表面改性的柔性颗粒多模式强化方法，同时针对现有的技术难点展望了后续的研究方向，以期为颗粒增强复合材料的制备提供理论参考。

Research Status of Particle Interface Modification Technology for Silicon Carbide Particle Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composites

SiC particle reinforced aluminum matrix composites are widely used in aerospace, electronics, medical and other fields due to their excellent properties such as high specific strength, high specific stiffness, high wear resistance, and high temperature stability. However, due to the high melting point and high hardness of SiC particles, as well as the interface reaction between silicon carbide reinforced particles and aluminum matrix, SiC aluminum matrix composites have problems such as poor processability and insufficient interfacial adhesion. It is no longer possible to meet the requirements for material performance in fields such as national defense and aerospace. Therefore, studying the ways to improve the interface between particles and matrix is of great scientific significance for improving the comprehensive performance of composite materials. In combination with existing research results at home and abroad, the interface strengthening mechanism, interface reaction characteristics, existing surface modification technology principles and numerical simulation development status of SiC reinforced particles and aluminum matrix composites were summarized. The results showed that the performance improvement of reinforced particle aluminum matrix composites after strengthening was limited after being treated with a single surface modification method. Therefore, how to adopt new methods to improve the performance of composite materials will become a hot research topic in the future, and the design of composite materials based on finite element numerical simulation methods is also an inevitable trend. Finally, in response to the limited improvement of single strengthening performance, the author proposes a flexible particle multimodal strengthening method based on surface modification, and looks forward to future research directions in response to existing technical difficulties, hoping to provide theoretical reference for the preparation of particle reinforced composite materials.