典型光化学污染期间杭州大气挥发性有机物污染特征及反应活性

在2018年9月14～23日选取了典型光化学污染期间,在长三角重点城市杭州市城区开展大气中挥发性有机物(VOCs)的加密观测.对80个有效样品分析结果表明,观测期间大气VOCs的122种化合物平均体积分数为(59.5±19.8)×10~(-9),含氧化合物(OVOC)是其中最主要的组分.用臭氧生成潜势(OFP)评估大气反应活性结果表明,观测期间OFP平均值为145×10~(-9),其中贡献最大的是芳烃和醛酮化合物.其大气VOCs整体活性水平与丙烯腈相当.运用正交矩阵因子(PMF)模型对VOCs进行源解析后,识别出杭州市大气VOCs的5个主要污染源,分别为二次生成(25.2%)、燃烧及工艺过程(27.2%)、溶剂使用(17.3%)、天然源(9.2%)和机动车排放(21.2%).本研究结果可为深入掌握杭州市VOCs污染特征以及科学制定防控措施提供技术支撑.

Characteristics and Reactivity of VOCs in Hangzhou During a Typical Photochemical Pollution Episode

An intensive observation of ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was carried out in Hangzhou, a key city in the Yangtze River Delta, during a typical photochemical pollution episode from September 14-23, 2018. The analysis results of 80 effective samples showed that the average concentration of 122 compounds of VOCs was (59.5±19.8)×10^-9 during the observation period, and oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) were the most abundant component. The assessment results of atmospheric reaction activity with ozone formation potential (OFP) showed that the average value of OFP was 145×10^-9 during the observation period, of which alkenes and carbonyl compounds were the most abundant components. The chemical reactivity of VOCs in Hangzhou was equivalent to acrylonitrile. Based on the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model, five major sources of VOCs in Hangzhou were identified, including secondary formation (25.2%), combustion and industrial processing (27.2%), solvent use (17.3%), biogenic sources (9.2%), and vehicular exhaust (21.2%). The results can provide guidance for further understanding of VOC characteristics and the basis for scientific prevention and control measures in Hangzhou.