硅橡胶涂料的研究进展

硅橡胶涂料是一种应用十分广泛的多功能涂料。概述了硅橡胶涂料的优点，包括表面能低、机械性能和热性能稳定、耐腐蚀、阻燃等。同时归纳了硅橡胶涂料在改性过程中存在的问题，包括与无机纳米粒子相容性较差，表面处理步骤繁琐等。在此基础上，重点综述了近年来改性硅橡胶涂料在防覆冰、自清洁、阻燃、防腐蚀领域的研究进展。防覆冰硅橡胶涂料改性方式主要有添加纳米粒子改性、添加聚合物改性、对涂层进行表面处理等，同时介绍了表面形貌对结冰机理的影响；自清洁硅橡胶涂料主要通过表面处理、添加纳米粒子或聚合物改性制备；阻燃硅橡胶涂料可以与其他阻燃剂复配使用，同时也能赋予涂覆物自清洁性能；防腐蚀硅橡胶涂料可以通过添加聚合物形成交联网络、添加纳米粒子改性或等离子体氧化制得。针对应用于不同领域的硅橡胶涂料，分别从改性方式的可操作性，添加不同组分对所制备涂料结构与性能的影响，涂料的多功能化等方面进行了归纳，最后展望了硅橡胶涂料未来的研究方向。

Research Progress of Silicone Rubber Coatings

Silicone rubber coating is a kind of multifunctional coating widely used. The advantages of silicone rubber coatings were summarized, including low surface energy, much more stable mechanical and thermal properties, corrosion resistance, flame retardant, etc. At the same time, the existing problems in the modification process of silicone rubber coatings were also summarized, including poor compatibility with in-organic nanoparticles, and complicated surface treatment steps. On this basis, the research progress of modified silicone rubber coatings in anti-icing, self-cleaning, flame retardation and anti-corrosion in recent years was reviewed. The modification methods on anti-icing silicone rubber coating mainly included addition of nanoparticle and polymer and surface treatment, etc. and the influence of surface morphology on the icing mechanism was also introduced. Self-cleaning silicone rubber coatings were mainly prepared by surface treatment, addition of nanoparticles or polymer. Silicone rubber coating with flame retardation function can be manufactured by combining silicone rubber with other flame retardants, thus endowing the coating with self-cleaning property. Anti-corrosion silicone rubber coatings can be prepared by adding polymers to form cross-linked networks, adding nanoparticles or plasma oxidation. According to the different silicone rubber coatings applied in different fields, the operability of the modification method, the effects of different components on the structure and properties of the coatings, and the multi-functionalization of the coatings were summarized. Finally, the development direction of silicone rubber coatings was prospected.