植物油、脂肪酸和植物油甲酯在塔河稠油掺稀降黏中的应用评价

稠油由于富含沥青质、胶质等重质组分而具有很高的黏度，给稠油的开采和运输带来了很大的困难。降低稠油黏度进而改善其流动性成为一项十分重要的工作。以植物油、脂肪酸及植物油甲酯为掺稀介质，以塔河油田稠油为研究对象，考察对比了3种不同的掺稀介质对稠油的掺稀降黏效果。研究结果表明，3种掺稀介质对稠油具有良好的掺稀降黏效果，在同一掺稀比下，植物油甲酯对稠油的降黏效果最显著，其次是脂肪酸，再次是植物油。通过斑点试验考察了掺稀介质和稠油的相容性和体系稳定性。结果显示，植物油甲酯与稠油相容性和稳定性最好，脂肪酸和植物油与稠油的相容性和稳定性相对较差。

APPLICATION OF VEGETABLE OIL,FATTY ACIDS AND VEGETABLE OIL METHYL ESTER IN VISCOSITY REDUCTION OF TAHE HEAVY OIL

Heavy oil has high viscosity because it is rich in heavy components such as asphaltene and resins, which bring great difficulties to the exploitation and transportation. It is very important to reduce the viscosity of heavy oil and improve its fluidity. Vegetable oil, fatty acid and vegetable oil methyl ester were chosen as dilute medium for Tahe heavy oil. The performance of these three different dilute media on Tahe heavy oil were investigated and compared. The results showed that all these three dilute media showed good diluting effect on heavy oil. At the same dilute ratio, vegetable oil methyl ester demonstrated the best viscosity reduction effect, followed by fatty acid, and finally vegetable oil. The compatibility and system stability of dilute medium and heavy oil were investigated by speckle test. Results showed that the compatibility and stability of vegetable oil methyl ester with heavy oil were the best, while the fatty acid and vegetable oil were relatively poor.