印度科技政策与科技发展--兼对中印国家创新能力比较

印度科技政策对推动印度科技进步起着重要的促进作用,1958年“科学政策决议”奠定了基本原则,“2003年科学技术政策”明确了印度科技政策目标,还制订了科技战略行动计划。印度科技发展具有科技体制较为完善、科技投入不断增加、科研经费重国防轻民用、科技著作多、专利获得少、科技人才素质高、高科技异军突起等特点。与中国相比,印度国家创新能力评价更高。本文阐述了印度科技政策演变过程,分析了印度科技发展特征,论述了印度十五计划科技发展战略重点,并比较了中印国家创新能力。

Science and Technology Policy and Development in India--Comparing the Innovatory Ability in China with that in India as well

India's scientific and technological policy plays an important role in promoting the Indian scientific and technological progress. The "Scientific Policy Resolution (1958)"established a basic principle, and the "Scientific and Technical Policy (2003)" defined the target of Indian scientific and technological policy and also made the strategic action plan of science and technology. Indian development in science and technology has scientific and technological comparatively perfect systems. The input in science and technology is increasing constantly; but the input is more being valued in national defense than civil infrastructure. There are many scientific and technological works, but patent wins a few opportunities. High-Tech in India has made a great progress. Compared with China, India national innovation ability achieves more praises. This paper explains the process of India scientific and technological policy development, and analyses the characteristics of its development, and then describes the strategic emphasis of development in science and technology of the Tenth Five-Year Plan of India, and the national innovation ability between China and India is compared.