“学院制”改革与高校内部教学科研机构重组

"学院制"是现代大学普遍实行的一种内部管理制度,但如何划分学院,各国做法不同。英国高校按学生住所、教学住所、学科住所和以学科方向为依据划分学院;美国绝大多数高校按文理学院和专业学院划分学院;日本名牌大学的"学部"(学院)划分更具严密的学科规范性,更多的强调学科发展的内在逻辑。我国学者提出以"学科群"、"大学科门类"、"学科类型和方向"、"一级学科""美国模式"等标准划分"学院"。因此,"学院制"改革与教学科研机构重组必须贯彻系统、全面、发展、效率的原则,结合具体实际,有计划、按步骤地实施。

School-based System and Reorganization of Academic Institutions in Higher Education

School-based system is commonly used in modern higher educational management.However,there are different institutional divisions in different countries.In Britain,institutions are divided accordingly to the different focuses on majors, lodging places,departmental locations and academic orientations.In America,most of the universities are divided into art and technology institutions and professional schools.But in some of the famous Japanese universities,"Gakubu"(i.e.Institutions in English) are more strictly divided with reference to the differences among different majors.This division takes into consideration the intra-logical development of a major.In China, different ways of institutional divisions are proposed by researchers,whose standards are based on academic groups,macro-academic groups,academic type and academic orientation,the highest form of science and "American-modal".Therefore, the application of school-based system and reforms on the reorganization of educational and research institutions should go along with the systematic,all-around and efficient principles so as to meet the needs of a certain university.