传统手工纸老化进程中微观结构的光谱检测与分析

作为传承人类文明和见证历史发展的重要载体，传统手工纸老化机制的研究及老化状态的评价至关重要。手工纸张老化后各项宏观性能的降低归根究底来源于微观尺度上物理和化学性能的衰减，因此传统手工纸微观尺度结构的表征分析是深入理解纸张老化机制和准确评估老化状态的关键，也是发挥手工纸使用价值的基础。光谱分析因其出色的时空分辨率，快速响应，高信噪比和良好的灵敏度备受关注，而其无损或微损的特点使珍贵纸质样品的测试不再受到限制，实现从微纳米尺度获得纸张的老化状态信息。基于手工纸的化学元素、化学结构、组分以及微观形态等方面，系统阐述近年来发展的红外光谱（IR）、紫外可见光谱（UV/Vis）、拉曼光谱（Raman）、核磁共振（NMR）、太赫兹时域光谱（THz）、X射线光谱（X-ray）、荧光光谱（LIFS）、光谱与显微镜联用等无损/微损表征技术，旨在从微纳米尺度获得纸张内部及表面多层次结构特性，并希望将其作为宏观性质的切入点，深挖手工纸在老化进程中宏观与微观之间的联系，从而促进手工纸在复杂环境中多尺度评价体系的建立以及老化机理的揭示，为手工纸保存状态的评估及修复工作的实施提供重要依据。

Spectroscopic Detection and Analysis for Micro Structure of Aged Traditional Handmade Paper

As a carrier for inheriting human civilization and witnessing historical development,the aging mechanism and dating of traditional handmade paper are considered to be extremely valuable.The reduction of aged handmade paper’s various macro performances is ultimately due to the attenuation of physical and chemical properties on the nano/micro-scale.Therefore,the characterization and analysis of the micro-scale structure of the traditional handmade paper is the key to understanding the aging mechanism of paper and accurate assessment of aging status as well as the basis for realizing its value.Spectral analysis has attracted much attention since its excellent Spatio-temporal resolution,fast response,high signal-to-noise ratio and good sensitivity.Moreover,precious paper samples’testingis no longer restricted because of non-destructive or micro-destructive characteristics,obtaining detailed information of aged handmade paper from nano/micro-scale.Herein,the review,which mainly focuseson non-destructive or micro-destructive spectroscopy analytical methods including IR,UV/Vis,Raman,NMR,THz,X-ray,LIFS,hyphenated spectroscopy and microscope on the most recent decade,is to provide interior and surface information of the aged paper at a micro/nano level(element,chemical structure,chemical composition and micromorphology).These analytical results are beneficial to establish a platform for multiscale detection in complicated conditions via exploring the relationship between macro and micro structure of the handmade paper,which play an important role in dealing with its state of conservation,repair work,and aging mechanism of handmade paper.