Antimicrobial resistance and co-selection phenomenon in Listeria spp. recovered from food and food production environments |
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Authors: | Jovana Kovacevic Jason Sagert Anna Wozniak Matthew W. Gilmour Kevin J. Allen |
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Affiliation: | 1. Food, Nutrition and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, 218-2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;2. Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada;3. Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Bird and Exotic Animals, The Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland;4. National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada |
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Abstract: | Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), co-selection phenomenon, and the relationship between reduced susceptibility (RSC) to ciprofloxacin (CIP) and resistance to other antimicrobials in Listeria spp. (n = 103) recovered from food processing environments (FPE) and food were investigated. Resistance of Listeria monocytogenes and other listeriae, respectively, to cefoxitin (FOX; 98% vs. 88%), CIP (7% vs. 4%), clindamycin (CLI; 33% vs. 59%) and tetracycline (6% vs. 8%) was observed, as was RSC to CIP (67% vs. 57%) and CLI (65% vs. 41%). L. monocytogenes also possessed RSC to linezolid (LZD; 6%), rifampicin (2%) and streptomycin (6%), with other listeriae displaying RSC to chloramphenicol (4%). L. monocytogenes serotype 1/2a (90%) isolates were more frequently resistant or possessed RSC to CIP compared to serotype 4b (55%) (p = 0.015). When eight strains were experimentally adapted to high concentrations of CIP, co-selection occurred as MICs to benzalkonium chloride (BAC) increased (n = 5), gentamicin MICs remained the same (n = 6) or increased 2-fold (n = 2), and led to RSC to LZD (n = 1) and resistance to CLI (n = 8). Overall, levels of resistance/RSC to CIP in food chain isolates, particularly 1/2a, are concerning. Further, reduced sensitivity to disparate antimicrobials following CIP exposure highlights the need for increased knowledge of co-selection phenomenon linked with antimicrobial agents. |
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Keywords: | Listeria spp. Listeria monocytogenes Antimicrobial resistance Efflux pump Co-selection Cross-resistance |
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