海南省3个国家级自然保护区外来入侵植物的调查和分析

通过野外实地调查，对海南省的3个国家级自然保护区外来入侵植物的种类数量和分布现状进行了调查分析。结果表明，铜鼓岭、东寨港和大田3个国家级自然保护区内的外来入侵植物分别为35、38和37种，总计18科55种，入侵途径以无意传播为主。绝大多数外来入侵植物已在保护区内建立稳定的繁殖种群，其中飞机草（Eupatorium odoratum L．）、假臭草（Eupatorium catarium Veldkamp．）、胜红蓟（Ageratum conyzoides L．）、刺花莲子草（Alternanthera pungens H．B．K．）、曼陀罗（Datura stramonium L．）、龙珠果（Passiflora foetida L．）及仙人掌[Opuntia stricta（Haw．）Haw．]等7种外来入侵植物对保护区生态环境及生物多样性的危害和影响最大。依据保护区内外来入侵植物的特点和生态影响，提出了一些有效的管理措施和防治建议。

Investigation and analysis on alien invasive plants in three national nature reserves in Hainan Province

The species number and distribution status of alien invasive plants in three national nature reserves in Hainan Province were investigated and analyzed by the field survey. The results show that there are thirty-five, thirty-eight and thirty-seven species of alien invasive plants in Tongguling, Dongzhaigang and Datian national nature reserves, respectively, a total of fifty-five species, eighteen families. The unintentional spread is the main invasion way. Most of alien invasive plants have become to steady populations in reserves. Seven alien invasive plants such as Eupatorium odoratum L., Eupatorium catarium Veldkamp., Ageratum conyzoides L., Alternanthera pungens H. B. K., Datura stramonium L., Passiflora foetida L. and Opuntia stricta （Haw.） Haw. have the serious impact and threat to ecoenvironment and biodiversity of the three reserves. Based on the characteristics and ecological influences of alien invasive plants, some effective management measures and control suggestions are put forward.