微生物资源在茶产业中的应用现状及展望

随着生态农业发展和现代生物技术的不断进步,茶产业进入转型发展期,走生态、绿色、环保的环境友好型和资源节约型发展模式,是茶产业可持续发展的重要内容。微生物作为一种新型环保生物资源,由于其在长期的进化过程所形成物种多样性和功能多样性,加上其结构简单便于研究应用的特性,许多有益农业微生物已被开发成微生物肥料、微生物农药、微生物保鲜剂、微生物降污剂等资源,在茶叶无公害种植生产,茶叶加工和茶叶副产物资源的综合利用等方面具有广泛的应用。本文就微生物资源在茶产业中肥培管理、病虫害防治、农药残留绿色防控、茶叶加工、储藏保鲜剂以及茶综合利用方面的国内外研究进展进行概述,同时探讨微生物资源在茶产业应用中存在的问题。

Application and development of microorganism resources in tea industry

With the development of ecological agriculture and the progress of modern biotechnology, the tea industry is undergoing developmental transition. The resource-conserving and environment-friendly development model with the goal of ecology, green and environmentalism, is an important part of sustainable devel-opment in tea industry. Microorganism with characters of species and functional diversity forming in the long-term evolution process, and simple structure for easily analysis and application, are considered as one newly environmental bioresources. Many beneficial agricultural microorganisms are developed as microbial fertilizer, microbial pesticide, microbial preservatives, microbial degrader, which was applied to pollution-free cultivation of tea, tea processing and byproduct comprehensive utilization of tea. This article described the application advance of microbe in tea fertility management, the biocontrol of pest and pathogens, pesticide residue degradation, tea processing, tea storage and preservation, the utilization of tea and its by-products, and discussed the problems existing in the application of microbe in tea industry.