Hypothalamic control of seasonal changes in food intake and body weight |
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Affiliation: | 1. Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health, Reus, Spain;2. Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona, Spain;1. College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325027, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management for Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;3. School of Agricultural Science, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China |
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Abstract: | Seasonal cycles of fattening and body weight reflecting changes in both food intake and energy expenditure are a core aspect of the biology of mammals that have evolved in temperate and arctic latitudes. Identifying the neuroendocrine mechanisms that underlie these cycles has provided new insights into the hypothalamic control of appetite and fuel oxidation. Surprisingly, seasonal cycles do not result from changes in the leptin-responsive and homeostatic pathways located in the mediobasal and lateral hypothalamus that regulate meal timing and compensatory responses to starvation or caloric restriction. Rather, they result from changes in tanycyte function, which locally regulates transport and metabolism of thyroid hormone and retinoic acid. These signals are crucial for the initial development of the brain, so it is hypothesized that seasonal neuroendocrine cycles reflect developmental mechanisms in the adult hypothalamus, manifest as changes in neurogenesis and plasticity of connections. |
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Keywords: | Season Photoperiod Appetite Food intake Body weight Pars tuberalis Thyroid hormone Tanycyte Plasticity |
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