荧光假单胞菌ZX对葡萄采后灰霉病的防治

研究荧光假单胞菌（Pseudomonas fluorescens）ZX对葡萄采后灰霉病的防治效果。以“巨峰”葡萄为试材,测定P. fluorescens ZX的控病效果和生长动态,在离体条件下通过孢子萌发观察、挥发性物质抑菌测试、扫描电镜探究其对灰葡萄孢霉（Botrytis cinerea）的防治。结果表明,使用P. fluorescens ZX处理,葡萄果实的发病率仅为24.8%,明显低于对照组（发病率64.67%）,病斑直径最小,可以明显抑制B. cinerea孢子萌发、芽管伸长。P. fluorescens ZX产生的挥发性物质具有较强的抑菌效果,并且能对B. cinerea有重寄生作用,破坏菌丝的正常形态。另外,无论是浸泡还是接种处理,P. fluorescens ZX都能在葡萄果实上快速地定殖生长。由此表明,P. fluorescens ZX通过抑制B. cinerea生长来控制葡萄采后灰霉病,为果实采后防腐保鲜提供一种新的选择。

Control of Gray Mold in Postharvest Grapes with Pseudomonas fluorescens ZX

To explore the effects of Pseudomonas fluorescens ZX on controlling gray mold caused by B. cinerea in postharvest grapes and the possible modes of action. The control effect and growth curve of P. fluorescens ZX were determined in grapes (Vitis vinifera L.×V. labrusca L. ‘Kyoho’). Preventing and curing for B. cinerea was explored by the germ tube test, volatile antifungal test, and observation of scanning electron microscope in vitro condition. Using P. fluorescens ZX treatment, the incidence rate of grape was only 24.8%, which was significantly lower than that of the control group(incidence rate 64.67%), and the diameter of the lesion was the smallest. P. fluorescens ZX significantly inhibited spore germination and germ tube elongation of B. cinerea. The volatile substances produced by P. fluorescens ZX had strong antifungal activity. In addition, P. fluorescens ZX showed the activity of hyperparasitism on B. cinerea and could destroy the normal morphology of its hyphae. On the other hand, P. fluorescens ZX could rapidly colonize and grow on grape fruits, whether soaking or inoculation. All these finding suggested that P. fluorescens ZX could control postharvest gray mold on grapes via inhibiting the growth of B. cinerea. It provides a feasible option for preservation and decay control in postharvest fruit and vegetables.