Cuticular Hydrocarbons of the South American Fruit Fly Anastrepha fraterculus: Variability with Sex and Age |
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Authors: | Lucie Vaní?ková Ale? Svato? Johannes Kroiss Martin Kaltenpoth Ruth Rufino Do Nascimento Michal Hoskovec Radka B?ízová Blanka Kalinová |
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Affiliation: | 1. Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the AS CR, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, CZ-166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic 2. Institute of Chemical Technology in Prague, Technická 5, CZ-166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic 3. Research Group Mass-Spectrometry, Max Planck Institute of Chemical Ecology, Beutenberg Campus, Hans-Kn?ll-Str. 8, 07745, Jena, Germany 4. Research Group Insect Symbiosis, Max Planck Institute of Chemical Ecology, Beutenberg Campus, Hans-Kn?ll-Str. 8, 07745, Jena, Germany 5. Instituto de Química e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, BR 104 Norte Km 14, 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
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Abstract: | Insect cuticular hydrocarbons are usually species-specific mixtures and may serve for species and gender recognition. They are, therefore, widely used in the chemotaxonomy and zoogeography of various insect taxa. In order to provide a basic study for further comparative analyses of cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profiles of cryptic species hidden within the South American fruit fly Anastrepha fraterculus complex (Diptera: Tephritidae), we analyzed the composition of the CHCs and their production with respect to age and sex in a laboratory population from Tucuman, Argentina. Several techniques of gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection have been used in order to develop a suitable method for CHC identification, i.e., GC-MS in EI mode, GC-MS in CI mode, and GC×GC/TOFMS. Our analyses revealed a complex profile of aliphatic hydrocarbons in both males and females, consisting predominantly of n-alkanes, methyl-branched alkanes, as well as of alkenes and alkadienes. In young individuals (up to about 5?days after emergence), the CHC profiles were similar in males and females. However, in older flies, these profiles diverged and became clearly sex-specific. The temporal dynamics of the CHC patterns in both sexes were evaluated using multivariate exploratory techniques. |
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