天然气水合物的防治方法综述

随着油气田开发的不断深入和深海油气田的不断发展,天然气水合物的生成对油气田开发和管道运输均有很大危害。介绍了天然气水合物的形成机理和基本过程,概述了四种抑制天然气水合物生成的方法,分为干燥法,如干空气干燥法;压力控制法,如逐级节流法;加热法,如水套炉加热法、热水管加热法、电磁加热法;注入化学抑制剂法,如热力学抑制剂法、动力学抑制剂法和几种新型抑制剂法,并分析了各自的适用范围和作用机理,提出了国内今后的水合物抑止技术的发展方向。

Summary of Gas Hydrate Control Methods

With deepening of oil and gas field development and continuous development of deep sea oil and gas fields, the generation of natural gas hydrate has great harm to oil and gas field development and pipeline transportation. In this paper, the formation mechanism and basic process of gas hydrate formation were introduced. Four methods to control the formation of natural gas hydrate were summarized, including drying method, such as dry air drying method;pressure control method, such as stepwise throttling method; heating method, such as water heating method, hot water pipe heating method, electromagnetic heating method; chemical inhibitor method, such as thermodynamic inhibitor method, kinetic inhibitor method and several new inhibitor method. And their respective application ranges and action mechanisms were analyzed, the future development trend of domestic hydrate inhibition technology was put forward.