自然风的实测研究

自然风特性包括平均风特性和波动风特性。把自然风看做恒定气流会造成较大的误差，有时甚至会得出完全错误的结论。波动风随时间和空间呈现出强烈的非线性的随机特性，目前主要通过实测和统计分析进行研究。实测是分析自然风特性的重要方法。本文介绍了风速测试中常用仪器的工作原理和适用范围，包括热线风速仪、叶轮风速仪、毕托管风速仪、激光多普勒风速仪和超声波风速仪等设备。本文还归纳了国内外相关自然风的测试研究，从测试综述可知：研究者们多采用超声波风速仪和小型气象站等进行实测，采集到各种时间尺度的风特性数据，进行统计分析得出脉动风的实际特性，从而建立风特性数据库、风速风向模型，经验公式等。

Study on Field Measurement of Natural Wind

Nature wind characteristics consist of averaged and fluctuating wind characteristics. Taking natural wind as constant flow may cause a larger error or even utterly wrong conclusions. With the change of time and space, natural wind mainly studied by field measurement and statistical analysis appeared to have a strong nonlinear random feature. Since field measurement is one of the important ways to analyze natural wind characteristics, the working principle and application scope of general instruments for measuring wind velocity, such as hot-wire anemometer, impeller anemometer, Pitot tube anemometer, laser Doppler anemometer, ultrasonic anemometer, were introduced in this paper. Also, research on wind measurement and analysis at home and abroad is summarized, and the following conclusions are obtained： Ultrasonic anemometer and small weather station are widely used for collecting data of nature wind characteristics. Database of wind characteristics, wind speed and direction model, empirical formula are obtained according to the actual characteristics of turbulent wind based on statistical analysis.