大坝安全监测技术研究

大坝安全是水电站安全运行的首要条件,大坝安全监测已成为水电站建设和管理中不可或缺的必测项目。随着坝工监测技术的不断进步,特别是现代仪器、计算机、人工智能等技术的快速发展,在传统监测仪器的基础上,涌现出了一大批新型的监测技术,并在工程中得到了应用,取得了较好的效果。在对国内大坝安全监测自动化设备、仪器调查研究的基础上,综述了大坝在变形、渗流、压力（应力）、应变、温度及环境量等安全监测项目中所使用的新设备、新技术,详细介绍了各类监测设备的工作原理和技术特点,进一步阐明了大坝安全监测仪器选择及布设的基本依据以及需要注意的一些问题,对当代大坝安全监测技术的发展提出了一些建议和展望,为今后水电站大坝安全监测设计提供了一定的借鉴。

The Research of Dam Safety Monitoring Technology

Dam safety is the primary condition for safe operation of hydropower stations.So dam safety monitoring is an indispensable item in the construction and management of a hydropower station.With the progress of dam construction technologies,especially modern equipment,computers,artificial intelligence technologies etc,a large number of new monitoring technologies have came up with on the basis of traditional monitoring instruments.They have been applied in engineering and achieved good results.Based on reviewing the domestic dam automatic safety monitoring equipments,new monitoring instruments of deformation,seepage,pressures,strain,temperatures and environment variables in dam are introduced.The principles and characteristics of various equipments are described in details.The fundamental basis and attentions for equipment selection and arrangement are clarified further.A number of proposals and prospects are put forward for the development of dam safety monitoring technologies.