Dyspnea resulting from phrenic nerve paralysis after interscalene brachial plexus block in an obese male--a case report |
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Authors: | RH Rau YL Chan HI Chuang CR Cheng KL Wong KH Wu TT Wei |
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Affiliation: | National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. |
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Abstract: | While current psychiatric taxonomies recognise a classification of amphetamine dependence, derived from the notion of an alcohol dependence syndrome, little research has validated that such a condition exists for this drug. Current amphetamine users (N = 331), were interviewed using the World Health Organization operationalisation of DSM-III-R substance dependence criteria, and a measure of the psychological components of dependence. Structural analyses indicated that a unidimensional dependence syndrome as assessed by DSM-III-R and DSM-IV criteria exists for amphetamine, and that physiological, psychological and behavioural indicators were all important in accounting for the variance in responses. It was demonstrated that the concept of a dependence syndrome is applicable to amphetamine, and that the inclusion of the amphetamine dependence syndrome in DSM-III-R and DSM-IV is valid. |
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