换电模式下电动汽车换电充裕度模型及仿真研究

在电动汽车规模化应用之后,电动汽车换电站内在不同时段应该储备多少蓄电池方能满足电动汽车的换电需求,是一个需要解决的问题。给出了电动汽车换电充裕度的概念,建立了基于一定假设条件的车主用车习惯和充电管理策略的数学模型,分析了换电需求发生时刻的条件,由此得到不同时段的换电需求,即对应的储备电池的数量。应用Monte Carlo方法进行了仿真计算,得到了换电站内不同时段满足换电充裕度要求应该储备的蓄电池数量,并指出上述模型及方法可以进一步用于计算电动汽车入网技术(vehicleto grid,V2G)的蓄电池数量及研究充电时间、蓄电池容量、充电控制策略等因素对换电充裕度的影响。

A Battery Swapping Requirement Adequacy Model for Electric Vehicles and Its Simulation Research

Energy shortage,air pollution and greenhouse gas over-emission are serious issues that the whole world is faced with now.After the large-scale application of electric vehicles(EV),it is a problem to be solved that in different time intervals how many fully charged batteries,which are just enough to meet the demand on EV battery swapping,should be reserved in a battery swapping station.For this reason,a concept of swapping battery adequacy of EV is given,and a mathematical model based on certain assumed conditions,such as the EV owners’ driving custom,battery capacity and charging management strategy,is proposed,and the conditions at the moment when the requirement of fully charged battery swapping arises are analyzed,then from this the battery swapping requirements,i.e.,the corresponding amounts of fully charged batteries to be reserved in the battery swapping station in different time intervals,are obtained.The proposed method is simulated by Monte Carlo method,and the amount of fully charged batteries to be reserved in the battery swapping station to meet the requirement of battery swapping adequacy in different time intervals is achieved.Moreover,it is pointed out that both the proposed model and method can be further applied to calculate the amount of batteries for the vehicle to grid(V2G) and research the impacts of such factors as charging time,capacity of battery and charging management strategy on the battery swapping adequacy.