新型冠状病毒的研究现状与实验室诊断

新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)在全球范围内的传播对世界公共健康构成了巨大威胁。目前,预防和治疗SARS-CoV-2的选择仍然非常有限。解析病毒感染宿主的致病机制及治疗性疫苗的研制迫在眉睫。与此同时,研发快速、有效的SARS-CoV-2实验室检测技术,对于实现快速确诊感染病例、排除疑似病例、促进疫情的防控与临床救治至关重要。该文首先从SARS-CoV-2的结构特征、分子遗传变异特征、致病机制及潜在的药物靶点等方面介绍了“如何认识SARS-CoV-2”;同时立足于临床检验,重点介绍了现有的病毒实验室检测技术及问题解析、即时检验及高通量病毒筛查芯片等病毒筛查新技术,回答了“如何检测SARS-CoV-2”。最后对实验室从业人员如何安全防护进行了要点总结。

Research status and laboratory diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2

The spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)worldwide has been a huge threat to world public health.At present,the options for preventing and treating of SARS-CoV-2 are still very limited.It is urgent to analyze the pathogenic mechanism of viral infections and develop therapeutic vaccines.At the same time,the development of rapid and effective SARS-CoV-2 laboratory testing technology is essential for the rapid diagnosis of infection cases,the elimination of suspected cases,and the promotion of prevention and control of epidemics and clinical treatment.This article introduced"how to understand SARS-CoV-2"from the aspects of the structural characteristics,genetic variation characteristics,pathogenic mechanisms and potential drug targets of the SARS-CoV-2;Meanwhile,based on clinical testing,our review answered"How to detect SARS-CoV-2",by focusing on existing laboratory testing technology and problem analysis,point-of-care testing and high-throughput virus screening chips and other new virus screening technologies.At the end of the article,we summarized the main points of how to ensure the safety of laboratory practitioners.