TPL介入的产运销供应链联盟决策及运作效率评价

在生产商批发价格为内生变量且TPL物流服务水平影响零售商市场需求的情形下,研究了整体联盟、分散决策、产运联盟和运销联盟四种模式下产运销供应链系统内各决策主体的决策行为以及系统的运作效率。分别构建了各决策模式下的数学模型,并证明了系统最优解或博弈均衡解的存在性和唯一性。通过对上述四种模式下的运算结果进行两两比较,发现:较之整体联盟,其他三种决策模式下系统利润均出现损失;其他三种模式下的最优订购量、物流服务水平和二者的比值大小均取决于某些特定的条件,这导致TPL介入的供应链内部联盟并非一定能使系统整体运作效率获得提高。进一步通过数值算例对零售价格和可变物流服务成本进行了灵敏度分析,发现在大多数情形下,运销联盟模式下的系统运作效率是上述三种决策模式中最高的。

Decision and Operational Efficiency Evaluation forProduction-transportation-marketing Supply Chain Alliances Involving TPL

This paper assumes that the manufacturer’s wholesale price is an endogenous variable and the market demand of the retailer is affected by the service level of TPL provider. We studies the decision-making behavior and operational efficiency of a production-transportation-marketing system under integrative alliance, decentralized decision, production and transportation alliance, transportation and marketing alliance mode respectively. The mathematical models are developed under these four modes and then the existence and uniqueness of the optimal solutions or game equilibrium solutions are proved. Through the pairwise comparison, we find that the system’s profits under the other three modes are lower than that in the integrative alliance. Moreover, the value size of the optimal ordering quantity, logistics service level and the ratio between them under other three modes depends on some specific conditions. Therefore, the supply chain internal alliance may not be able to improve the system operational efficiency. We further give a numerical example and then do the sensitivity analysis on the retail price and variable logistics service cost. Finally, we find that the system operation efficiency under the transportation and marketing alliance mode is highest among these three decision modes in most cases.