砂姜黑土强筋小麦施肥技术研究

通过田间试验研究了施用不同肥料和不同施肥方法等对强筋小麦养分吸收和产量品质的影响。结果表明:在氮肥用量相同时,氮肥后移小麦产量和品质均好于全部基施(习惯施肥)处理;高氮和硫酸铵处理能提高强筋小麦的品质。磷酸二铵提高小麦产量效果好于过磷酸钙,而对子粒品质影响则过磷酸钙好于磷酸二铵;高量磷肥虽然不能进一步提高小麦产量,但能改善小麦的品质。增施有机肥和钾肥可促进小麦对N、P、K养分的吸收,显著提高小麦产量和品质,是砂姜黑土区优质高产强筋小麦重要施肥技术。锌肥能提高小麦产量和品质,含硫肥料有改善小麦品质的作用。试验表明,在砂姜黑土上,施用有机肥,稳定磷肥用量,加大氮、钾肥用量,配施锌肥和硫肥,分期施用氮肥(追肥量占总氮量比例在40%以上)有利于强筋小麦的优质高产。

Study on fertilization techniques for strong gluten wheat in lime concretion black soil

A field experiment was conducted to study the fertilization techniques for strong gluten wheat in lime concretion black soil,comparing the effects of different fertilization methods and fertilizer types on grain yield,quality and nutrient absorption of strong gluten wheat.The results indicated that with same amount of N fertilizer,split application(partial N fertilizer applied at jointing stage) enhanced both grain yield and quality compared with the treatment that all N fertilizer was applied at planting as base fertilizer(basal application,conventional method).The treatments of high-N and ammonium sulfate improved grain quality of strong gluten wheat.The effect of ammonium phosphates was better than superphosphate on increasing grain yield in lime concretion black soil,but the results were reversed for grain quality.High rate of P fertilization did not further increase yield of strong gluten wheat,but improved grain quality.Manure and potassium fertilization improved the absorption of N,P and K nutrients and significantly increased both yield and quality of strong gluten wheat. Zinc also improved both grain yield and quality,while sulfur-containing fertilizers could improve grain quality.The fertilization technique that can optimize quality and yield of strong gluten wheat in lime concretion black soil is to use organic fertilizer as basal fertilizer,then control P fertilizer rate but increase N and K fertilizer rates and add some zinc and sulfur fertilizers.Split application of N fertilizer should be adopted,with the amount of top dressing accounting for above 40% of total N fertilizer.