A型肉毒毒素治疗脑中风和脑外伤后下肢痉挛的临床研究

目的　探讨A型肉毒毒素 (botulinumtoxinA ,BTXa)能否有效、安全地治疗下肢肌痉挛 ,改善步行能力及步行速度。方法　 2 7例中风、脑外伤患者 ,选择下肢肌肉局部注射国产BTXa。每个病人每次选择 3～ 5块肌肉 ,每块肌肉总的注射剂量介于 5 0～ 10 0U ,每次病人接受的注射总量小于或等于 40 0U。所有病人同时接受步态训练等康复治疗。注射前、注射后 2、4wk按改良式Ashworth量表 (ModifiedAsh worthScale ,MAS)评定肌张力 ,足印分析法 (footprintanaly sis)测量并记录步行时的时间距离参数的变化 ,研究各肌群肌张力变化与步态参数的关系。结果　整体比较 ,注射后 2wk(股直肌除外 )、4wk与注射前相比 ,各肌群肌张力降低 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 ) ,步态时间距离参数值 (T D值 )除步角外 ,各参数均有不同程度改善 (P <0 0 1或 <0 0 5 )。注射前与注射后 4wk比较 ,步长、步宽、步速差异均有显著性(P <0 0 5 )。注射后 2wk与 4wk比较 ,步长、步速有改善(P <0 0 5 )而步宽、步角变化不大。spearman相关分析表明各肌群肌张力降低与步长具有较好的相关性。结论　BTXa下肢肌肉局部注射结合步态训练 ,可以明显改善中风、脑外伤的痉挛步态 ,由此显示局部的化学去神经方法与康复训练相结合 ,可以使特定的功能改?

Clinical study of botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of lower limb spasticity after stroke and head injury

AIM To determine whether botulinum toxin A (BTXa) is an effective and safe treatment for lower limb spasticity and improve walking ability after stroke or traumatic brain injury. METHODS 27 cases with stroke or traumatic brain injury affecting the muscles of lower extremity were selected to receive local intramuscular injection. The injected dose is between 50～100 U·(muscle) -1. All patients received rehabilitation therapy that focused on walking training. Patients were assessed at entry, and 2, 4 weeks post-treatment. The muscle tone was assessed by the modified Ashworth Scale, the changes of time-distance parameters was measured by footprint gait analysis. The correlation relationship between muscles tone and gait parameters was analysed. RESULTS Compared to pretreatment values, the total muscles spasticity, walking distance, and speed were significantly improved in all groups respectively, decrease in the modified Ashworth Score (P<0 05), and increase in the time-distance parameters except step angle (P<0 01) were achieved. Compared preinjection with 4 weeks postinjection, step length, step width,step speed have significant difference(P<0 05),compared 2 weeks with 4 weeks postinjection, step length,step speed have significant difference(P<0 05), but step width and angle have only little changes. The correlation analysis shown there is a good relationship between muscles tone decrease and step length (r=0 650～-0 875). No significant side-effect were seen. CONCLUSION The results of the present study indicate that botulinum toxin type A injection combined with rehabilitation therapy resulted in a long-lasting decrease in spasticity and an improvement in gait after stroke or traumatic brain injury. The combination of focal chemodenervation with rehabilitation procedures enables better improvement for specific functions.