离子液体中的化学反应

主要介绍各种呈Lewis酸性的离子液体作为反应催化剂、溶剂和非Lewis酸性的离子液体作为有机金属催化剂的溶剂,用于单烯烃和二烯烃的低聚反应、乙烯聚合反应、烷基化反应、氧化反应和直链烯烃、环烯烃、芳烃加氢反应。与有机溶剂作介质的反应条件相比,离子液体中的反应条件相对温和,一般情况下反应可在常温、常压下进行,在反应速率、转化率和选择性上与有机溶剂相近。反应产物与离子液体不相溶时可通过倾析分离,当二者相溶时可通过改变反应体系温度进而改变体系溶解性进行分离或利用离子液体蒸汽压低的特性通过减压蒸馏分离

Chemical Reactions in Ionic Liquids

Various reaction such as oligomerization of monoolefin and diene, polymerization of ethylene, alkylation, oxidation and hydrogenization reaction of normal olefin, cycloalkene and aromatic catalyzed by organometallic using ionic liquids as solvents or using the ionic liquids with Lewis acid as catalysts and solvents were reviewed. The reaction conditions are relatively mild by contrast with the reaction condition using organic solvent as medium. Some reactions could proceed under normal temperature and pressure. The reaction rate, conversation and selectivity are higher or access in ionic liquids to organic solvent. It is easy to separate the products from ionic liquids by decantation when reaction products do not dissolve with ionic liquid, underpressure distillation when reaction products dissolved with ionic liquids, and separation when solution property changing by reaction temperature changing.