通过现有规范解决自动驾驶汽车肇事之刑事责任归属问题

以自动驾驶汽车为代表的人工智能产品在给我们带来便利的同时也带来了新的法律问题。为了解决自动驾驶汽车肇事的刑事责任问题,学者或是承认自动驾驶汽车的犯罪主体地位,或是建议修改刑法增设罪名。实际上,既有的刑事法律规范足以解决自动驾驶汽车肇事的刑事责任归属问题。自动驾驶汽车的驾驶人未尽到合理注意义务的,承担过失责任;制造单位生产的自动驾驶汽车存在缺陷或者明知有缺陷而未召回的,承担产品质量相关的刑事责任;使用人发现自动驾驶汽车存在缺陷继续使用的,承担监管过失责任;入侵智能驾驶系统或者利用自动驾驶汽车实施犯罪的,承担故意犯罪的刑事责任。现阶段应克服刑事立法冲动,在既有的刑事法律规范体系内寻求解决方案,更具有现实意义。

Solving the Criminal Liability of Self-driving Cars through Existing Regulations

Artificial intelligence products represented by autonomous vehicles have brought us convenience and brought new legal problems. In order to solve the problem of criminal liability for self-driving cars, scholars either acknowledge the subject status of self-driving cars or suggest amendments to the criminal law to add more crimes. However, within the existing system of criminal legal norms, the attribution of criminal responsibility for the accident of self-driving cars can also be resolved. If the driver of a self-driving car fails to do his duty of reasonable care, he shall be liable for negligence;if the self-driving car produced by the manufacturer is defective or is known to be defective and has not been recalled, it shall bear criminal liability related to product quality;if the user finds that the self-driving car has defects and continues to use it, he shall be liable for regulatory negligence;those who invade the intelligent driving system shall bear the criminal liability related to illegal intrusion into the computer system. At the present stage, we should overcome the impulse of criminal legislation and be good at seeking solutions in the existing system of criminal laws and norms.