Oxygen Deficiency and Hydrogen Turn ZnO Red |
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Authors: | M. H. Weber N. S. Parmar K. A. Jones K. G. Lynn |
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Affiliation: | (1) School of Science, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Chenglin Road Number 63, Tianjin, 300160, People’s Republic of China |
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Abstract: | The effect of hydrogen on ZnO while annealing at 1370 K under oxygen-poor conditions with excess Zn vapor or Ti metal is studied. ZnO turns red only when hydrogen is present in a complex with oxygen vacancies. A practical method is described to remove hydrogen from ZnO in a sealed ampoule and to bind it to Ti metal. Hydrogen coupled to an oxygen vacancy is the simplest defect to explain the observations. The coloration is reversible at 1370 K by adding or removing hydrogen, consistent with an activation energy >1.5 eV. In red ZnO Hall data show a shallow donor level around 45 meV. |
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