花瓣色素定量法对甘蓝型油菜白花性状的质量-数量遗传模型分析

采用无水乙醇提取油菜花瓣色素,在439nm波长下测定提取液的吸光度,实现对甘蓝型油菜白花性状的量化观察,并应用植物数量性状主基因＋多基因混合遗传模型多世代联合分析法,对甘蓝型油菜杂交组合（HW 243×HZ 21-1）和（HW 243×中油821）的P1、P2、F1、F2、B1和B2世代群体进行分析,研究花瓣颜色的遗传特性。结果显示：甘蓝型油菜白花性状表现为数量性状,其遗传符合2对加性-显性-上位性主基因＋加性-显性-上位性多基因遗传模型（E-O）,以主基因作用为主,多基因的作用相对较小;2对主基因的加性、显性和上位性效应均具有较大的作用;主基因的遗传力较高;受环境影响较小。在F2群体中主基因的遗传率为95.51%和96.35%,多基因遗传率为3.65%和2.43%;在B1群体中主基因的遗传率为53.00%和49.59%,多基因遗传率分别为39.93%和39.84%;在B2群体中主基因的遗传率为97.38%和95.51%,多基因遗传率分别为2.17%和1.57%。

Analysis of the qualitative-quantitative genetic models of whiteflower color with petal pigments quantification in Brassica napus L.

White flower color is a useful indicator in Brassica napus L.It was used in correlative selection and purity test,and was also used as a genetic trait marker.In the present study the petal pigments of rapeseed were extracted and quantified by a spectrophotometer at 493nm in order to investigate the genetic model of flower color.Six generations（P1,P2,F1,F2,B1 and B2） from both of two crosses between white-and yellow-flowered rapeseed lines（HW243×HZ21-1 and HW243×Zhongyou 821） were analyzed with a mixed genetic model for major genes and poly genes.Results showed that white color in rapeseed was a quantitative trait,and its inheritance fitted to a mixed genetic model of two major genes with additive-dominant-epistatic effects plus polygenes with additive-dominant-epistatic effects（E-0 model）.Among them,the additive,dominant and epistatic effects of the two major genes were equally important.The effects and heritability of major genes were high with low environmental influence,and that of the polygenes were also relatively low.The estimated heritability rates of the two major genes were 95.51% and 96.35% in F2,53.00% and 49.59% in B1,97.38% and 95.51% in B2,respectively.The estimated inheritability rates of the polygenes were 3.65% and 2.43% in F2,39.93% and 39.84% in B1,2.17% and 1.57% in B2,respectively.