聚氨酯/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/有机蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制务、结构与性能

首次将插层纳米复合技术与互穿聚合物网络（IPN）技术相结合,通过同步插层聚合法制备了聚氨酯/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/有机蒙脱土（PU/PMMA/OMMT）纳米复合材料.XRD、SEM、TGA等研究表明,在聚氨酯/有机蒙脱土（PU/OMMT）体系中蒙脱土以40～700 nm的团聚体不均匀地分散在聚氨酯基体中,且部分蒙脱土被插层,其层间距增加了0.95nm,体系为插层型纳米复合材料.PU/PMMA/OMMT体系中蒙脱土以20～80nm的粒子分布于聚合物基体中,且蒙脱土的插层效果显著,是PU/OMMT体系的2.5倍,形成了插层型纳米复合材料.同时,蒙脱土的加入使得聚氨酯和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的互穿聚合物网络（PU/PMMA-IPN）体系中PU相与PMMA相间相分离更明显,塑性相畴粒子尺寸显著增加,且各相中两组分相互作用加强,分布更均匀.PU/PMMA/OMMT纳米复合材料的热稳定性高于其他材料.同时对其力学性能进行了研究,发现其力学性能明显优于聚氨酯、基于聚氨酯和PU/PMMA-IPN和PU/OMMT纳米复合材料.

Preparation, structure and properties of polyurethane/poly(methyl methacrylate)/organo-montmorillonite nanocomposites

In this paper,theintercalationtechnique andinterpenetrating polymer networks method were first used together to pre-pare polyurethane/poly(methyl methacrylate)/organo-mont morillonite(PU/PMMA/OMMT) nanocomposite.The structure andmorphology of polyurethane(PU),interpenetrating polymer network based on polyurethane and poly(methyl methacrylate)(PU/PMMA-IPN),polyurethane/organo-mont morillonite(PU/OMMT) and PU/PMMA/OMMTsystems were comparativelyinves-tigated by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The results show that organo-mont morillonite(OMMT) is well dispersedin polymer matrix with particles of 20 ~80nmin PU/PMMA/OMMTsystem,which confirms thein-terecalated nanocomposite is formed.PU/OMMTis interecalated nanocomposite because the d-spacing of OMMTincreased andthe OMMTis uneven dispersed in polyurethane matrix with the tactoids of 40 ~700nm.The introduce of OMMTinto PU/PM-MA-IPNsystem makes the plastic domain size increased and the microphase seperation more obviously between PUand PMMAphases.The results of thermogravi metric analyses(TGA) indicate that the thermal stability of PU/PMMA/OMMT nanocom-posite is better than that of PU/PMMA-IPNand PU/OMMT nanocomposite because the phase structure has beeni mproved andthe intercalation degree of OMMTincreased 1.5 ti mes.Additionally,the mechanical properties of PU/PMMA/OMMT nano-composites are superior to those of other comparative systems.