外来入侵植物分布格局及与环境和人为因子的关系——以五个自然保护区为例(英文)

以5个保护区为例来探究外来入侵植物与环境及人为因子间的关系。利用CCA分析了环境变量与外来入侵植物丰度的关系,采用了多元回归得出了与外来入侵植物最为相关的环境与人为因子。结果显示,从泰山自然保护区到丰林自然保护区,外来入侵植物分别为25种、12种、13种、5种、5种,沿着包括纬度、最高温度,最低温度、最高降雨量等环境因子强度的降低而下滑。而同时,外来入侵植物的数量随着人为活动的干扰度增强而增加。从起源上来看,热带成分从31%降至0,而北美起源的植物则逐渐增加。从科的组成上看,五个自然保护区中均有菊科分布,所占比例分别为15%、33%、36%、 40% 和20%,显示了其世界广布的特性,而其他科属入侵植物的分布并不均衡。从生活型上看,一年生或多年生草本植物为主要成分。外来入侵植物的传入途径在很大程度上受人类活动及利用喜好的驱动。

Distribution of Invasive Plant Species in Relation to Environmental and Anthropogenic Factors in Five Nature Reserves in Northern China

The relationships between invasive plant species and environmental and anthropogenic factors were analyzed in five nature reserves in northern China. The distribution of invasive plants was analyzed using a Canonical Correspondence Analysis. Stepwise backward multiple regression was then done to identify the most important environmental and anthropogenic factors determining the richness and distribution of alien plants in the reserves. Total invasive plant richness varied was 25 species, 12 species, 13 species, five species and five species across the nature reserves. Invasive species richness decreased in response to environmental factors such as maximum temperature and minimum precipitation and increased in line with human activities, the total area of farmland and volume of freight. Tropical plant species declined from 31% to zero while the species originally from North America gradually increased. In respect of family composition of invasive species, most species belonged to the composites, whose proportion increased from 15%–40% from north to south across the five nature reserves while species from other families varied greatly along this gradient. Life-forms of invasive plant species varied between the reserves, but annual and perennial herbs were generally dominant. Pathways of such species were highly related to human activities and utilizations.