地震前后汶川映秀镇居民卫生防疫意识调查

目的:研究地震前和地震后15 d、30 d汶川映秀镇居民卫生防疫意识的变化,为开展震后群众防疫工作提供科学依据.方法:自行设计卫生防疫意识调查表,对灾民进行问卷调查,应用χ2检验决定差异显著性. 结果:完成有效问卷121份.统计表明震后映秀灾民接受卫生宣教的人数显著增加(P=0.000).理想的饮用水源由震前的山泉水和自来水转变为瓶装水和山泉水.认为粪便应该灭蝇处理的人比例显著上升(P=0.001).认为生活垃圾应该掩埋或焚烧的比例以及便后应洗手的比例都显著上升.当可能出现疫情时,选择提醒他人注意或积极上报的意识较震前显著上升(P=0.001).多数居民选择使用药物喷洒进行蚊蝇防制.对自身疾病关注度加大,等待医疗队送医送药或自己随意服药的意识加强. 结论:映秀镇居民在震后经过卫生宣教后卫生防疫意识较震前提高,但对医疗和消毒服务有过度依赖.

Survey of concerns over epidemic prevention in Yingxiu residents before and after the devastating earthquake

Objective:To investigate the concerns over disease prevention in local residents of Yingxiu Town of Wenchuan County before and 15, 30 days after the earthquake, so as to provide scientific evidences for epidemic prevention in the public. Methods: Self-designed questionnaire was used to collect information on the disease prevention among the local earthquake-refugees. Chi-square test was used to determine the significance of difference. Results: A total of 121 effective questionnaires were collected. We found that the number of the residents who received health education was significantly increased after earthquake (P=0.000). The choice of drinking water was spring water and tap water before the earthquake, and the bottled water and spring water were the top choice after earthquake. Significantly more people considered the flies in the feces pool should be controlled after earthquake (P=0.001); the numbers of residents considered that rubbish should be buried or burned and hands should be washed after defecation were also significantly increased. The consciousness of epidemic diseases (reminding others and reporting to the authorities) was significantly intensified among people (P=0.001). Most residents chose insecticides for the control of mosquitoes and flies. After the earthquake, the residents were more concerned over their health, and they had an intensified expectation for medical aids from the troops and were more willing to take drugs. Conclusion: Health education intensifies the concerns over epidemic prevention in the residents of Yingxiu Town after earthquake. However, they tend to depend too much on medication and disinfection services.