X射线光谱技术在生物与生态环境中的应用进展

环境样品中元素的浓度、空间分布和赋存形态等是认识元素的生物功能和环境行为的关键。本文对近年来X射线光谱技术在生物与生态环境中的应用研究进展进行了评述，发现X射线荧光光谱技术可以提供活体植物中元素迁移与分布的定量数据，且微区X射线荧光光谱和X射线吸收谱技术的联用可深入认识生物与元素的相互作用，尤其是生物对元素的吸收、转运、贮存和细胞解毒机制，同时也能够揭示典型环境样品中元素的来源、演化和归趋等环境行为。然而，由于生物和环境样品基质的复杂性和多样性，仍存在一些技术难点与挑战，如X射线荧光自吸收效应的克服、低丰度（5%~10%）的元素形态的准确鉴定，以及对活体细胞中短暂的元素氧化还原反应的捕捉等。

Recent Progress in the Application of X-Ray Spectrometry in Biology and Ecological Environment

The concentration,spatial distribution and speciation of elements in environmental matrices are the key to understanding their biological functions and environmental behaviors.This paper aims to review the recent applications and challenges of X-ray spectrometry in biology and ecological environment.It is demonstrated that X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy analysis can provide quantitative data on the translocation and distribution of elements in living plants.Micro-X-ray fluorescence and X-ray absorption spectroscopy are unique in providing in situ information,and both help to understand the interaction between organisms and elements,especially the uptake,transport,accumulation and detoxification mechanism of elements in organisms.Meanwhile,both are also used to reveal the environmental behaviors such as the source,evolution and fate of elements in typical environmental samples.However,due to the complexity and diversity of biological and environmental matrices,there are still some technical difficulties and challenges,such as overcoming the self-absorption effect of X-ray fluorescence,accurately identifying the low-abundance(5%~10%)elemen tal species,and rapidly arresting the transient redox reactions of elements in living cells.