车用加氢站火灾爆炸事故风险分析

目的完善氢能产业链基础设施,寻求车用加氢站火灾爆炸事故致因,提出车用加氢站火灾爆炸事故防控措施,保障其安全可持续发展,提高大众对车用加氢站安全防控的信任度。 方法采用事故致因理论揭示事故发生的本质,从能量物质、能量载体以及物的不安全状态和人的不安全行为角度出发,系统性地分析车用加氢站火灾爆炸事故的危险源,并以其火灾爆炸事故为顶上事件建立事故树图,提出有针对性的防控策略。 结果①车用加氢站火灾爆炸属于物的不安全状态的基本事件占比最大,为52%；②可能引发车用加氢站火灾爆炸的最小割集有350个,避免火灾爆炸事故发生的最小经集有4个；③不考虑基本事件发生的概率,通风不良、报警装置故障、检测器失效、安全阀故障和自动制动系统故障5个基本事件的结构重要度最大。 结论事故致因理论能科学全面地对车用加氢站进行危险源辨识,事故树系统分析了其基本事件结构重要度,保护措施正常运行是削减其火灾爆炸事故的关键控制点,给车用加氢站建站管理等制定相关防控措施提供了理论依据。 

Risk analysis of fire and explosion accidents in vehicle hydrogen refueling stations

ObjectiveIn order to improve the infrastructure of the hydrogen energy industry chain and identify the causes of fire and explosion accidents in vehicle hydrogen refueling stations, the prevention and control measures are put forward for fire and explosion accidents, so as to ensure the safe and sustainable development of vehicle hydrogen refueling stations and improve the public''s trust in their safety prevention and control. Methods Using the theory of accident causation, the essence of the accident is revealed. The hazard sources of fire and explosion accidents in vehicle hydrogen refueling stations are systematically analyzed from the perspective of unsafe state of energy substances, energy carriers, things and unsafe behaviors of people. An accident tree map is established with the fire and explosion accidents of hydrogen refueling stations as the top event, and targeted prevention and control strategies are proposed. ResultsFirstly, the proportion of basic events in the unsafe state of fire and explosion in the hydrogen refueling stations is the largest (52%). Secondly, The minimum set of 350 sets that may cause fire and explosion in hydrogen refueling stations and 4 minimum sets to avoid fire and explosion accidents are obtained. Thirdly, without considering the probability of basic event occurrences, five basic events are revealed to have high structural importance including poor ventilation, alarm device failure, detector failure, safety valve failure and automatic brake system failure. ConclusionsThe theory of accident causes can be used to identify the hazard sources of hydrogen refueling stations scientifically and comprehensively. Accident tree system is adopted to analyze the importance of the basic event structure, and the normal operation of protective measures is the key control point to reduce fire and explosion accidents, which can serve as a theoretical basis for the formulation of relevant risk prevention and control measures for the construction and operation of hydrogen refueling stations.