上海市宝山区外来流动人员传染病防治的管理模式和策略

目的 了解上海市宝山区外来流动人员传染病管理现状,探索外来流动人员传染病防治管理模式和策略.方法 按照统一调查表对抽样选中的202名本区居民和399名外来流动人员进行入户问卷调查;对卫生行政管理人员、疾控专业人员以及医院、社区卫生服务中心医生进行面对面访谈.入户调查问卷采用x^2检验和t检验进行分析;访谈调查问卷采用汇总归纳的方法.结果 与该区居民相比,外来流动人员的基本卫生设施,个人卫生习惯和防病意识较差,x^2检验显示,二者在饭前便后经常洗手、抽水马桶的使用率、就诊意识和就诊行为、计划免疫“五苗”覆盖率、及时率等方面相比,差异有统计学意义;外来流动人员对传染病防治相关知识的知晓率和对有关法律、法规和政策的了解程度低于该地居民,x^2检验显示,二者在传染病防治法知晓率、正确判断各种疾病是否为传染病的比例、了解上海市从业人员综合保险比例、产前保健、小孩在正规医院出生、单位和个人缴纳综合保险金的比例等方面有统计学差异;在传染病防治需求调查中,除“是否需要得到卫生防病知识宣传”和“是否愿意缴纳医疗保险金”外,其他差异均无统计学意义.结论 该区应进一步加强外来流动人员传染病防治工作领导和宣传力度,增加预防保健经费投入,大力发展社区卫生服务,完善外来流动人员医疗保障制度.

Management Model of the Prevention and Control of the Infectious Diseases among the Mobile Population in Baoshan District of Shanghai

Objective] To identify the current administrative situation of infectious diseases, explore the management model for the prevention and control of infectious diseases among the mobile population in Baoshan district. Methods] Questionnaire investigation was carried out to obtain information from 202 local residents and 399 mobile people; face-to-face interview was made with the health administrators, CDC professionals and doctors in the community health care centers; analysis was made on the household questionnaire data using chi-square test and t test, face-to-face interview data was summed up and concluded. Results] The elementary sanitation, health habits and health consciousness of mobile population were less satisfactory than that of the local residents, the result of Chi-square test indicated significant statistical differences between the local residents and the mobile population in respect to washing hands before meal, the usage of closestool, the consciousness and behavior of clinical consultation, the inoculation rate and the timely rate of planning immunity inoculation; compared with the local residents, the mobile population knew less of the knowledge of infectious disease prevention and control, related laws and rules, antenatal care and so on. Conclusion ] Preventive administration against infectious diseases among the mobile population should be enhanced; community health care is expected to improve rapidly to ensure the medicare for the mobile population.