Observations on Vertical Variability in Groundwater Quality: Implications for Aquifer Management |
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Authors: | Lior Netzer Noam Weisbrod Daniel Kurtzman Ahmed Nasser Ellen R Graber Daniel Ronen |
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Affiliation: | (1) Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel;(2) Department of Environmental Hydrology and Microbiology, Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sde Boker Campus, 84990, Israel;(3) Water Quality Division, Israel Water Authority, Tel Aviv, 61203, Israel;(4) Present address: Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Ramat Yishay, 30095, Israel |
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Abstract: | This work demonstrates significant vertical variability in the chemical composition of groundwater (Cl − from 150 to 550 mg/L, NO3-{\rm{NO}}_{3}^{-} from 3 to 70 mg/L, trichloroethene from 350 to 55,000 μg/L and CrTotal from 3 to 2,900 μg/L) along a 130 m thick vertical section passing through two subaquifers of the Costal Plain aquifer of
Israel. Water samples were obtained by multilevel sampler under natural gradient flow conditions from a monitoring well which
penetrates the entire aquifer. The vertical chemical variability detected at a single point in time in this well was found
to be similar to the range of concentrations detected for Cl − in pumping wells located over an area of about 1,000 km2 in the same aquifer. Similarly, vertical variations in NO3-{\rm{NO}}_{3}^{-} concentration in the single monitoring well represent more than 50% of the total variation in nitrate levels in pumping wells
sampled across the entire aquifer. These results graphically illustrate that data from pumping wells, which extract unknown
mixtures of groundwater from different depths, cannot provide adequate information about groundwater quality for management
purposes. |
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