病原菌结构及耐药性的变化趋势

目的分析解放军总医院304临床部10年来临床感染的病原菌结构及耐药趋势变迁，为临床抗感染治疗提供科学依据。方法统计分析1995-2004年住院患者各类标本分离细菌的鉴定及药敏试验结果。结果革兰阴性菌株占历年收集菌株总数的51．0％～70．2％，以铜绿假单胞菌、大肠杆菌、克雷伯菌属为主，但构成比有下降的趋势；革兰阳性菌以金黄色葡萄球菌（金葡菌）的分离率最高，其构成比逐年升高，1999年以后成为构成比最高的病原菌，其中耐甲氧西林的金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）占42．9％～74．5％。此外，不动杆菌属的构成比在1998年明显升高，并在其后维持在较高水平。药物敏感性检测显示MRsA对多种药物呈高度耐药，铜绿假单胞菌和不动杆菌属对各类抗生素的耐药率呈上升趋势。结论金葡菌构成比的增高和大肠杆菌等革兰阴性菌构成比的降低，导致了我院病原菌结构发生明显变化，同时主要病原菌的耐药水平普遍增强，临床医生应根据这一变化相应调整抗感染治疗策略，以取得最佳疗效。

Constitutional changes in pathogenic bacteria and the tendency to drug resistance

Objective To investigate the vicissitude of infection pathogens and their change in resistance to antibiotics in our hospital in the past 10 years, and to offer scientific information for clinical anti-infection treatment. Methods The data of pathogens identified and susceptibility test with VITEK system as well as K-B methods from 1995 to 2002 were analyzed. Results Gram negative bacteria was the predominance bacteria in recent 5 years, accounting for 60.7%-70.2% of all pathogens, with Pseudomonas aeruginosa ranked first, followed by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia sp, Enterobacter sp and Acinetobacter sp. The ratio of Acinetobacter sp seemed to be increased in 1998, and it kept a high level in recent years. The isolation rate of Staphylococcus aureus from clinical specimens was the highest among pathogens since 1999, and 42.9%-74.5% of them were Methicillin-resistance S. aureus (MRSA). MRSA was found to be highly resistant to many antibiotics, and there was a tendency of increasing resistance to all kinds of antibiotics in Ps. aeruginosa and Acinetobacter species. Conclusion The significant changes in infectious pathogens in our hospital were an increase in S. aureus and decrease in E.coli in constituent ratios, as well as an elevation of drug resistance level of predominate bacteria. The results suggest that corresponding adjustment should be made in the strategy of infection treatment.