基于小孔径天线阵列的单信道测向技术

介绍了基于单信道瓦特森-瓦特测向技术的小口径测向天线设计原理和运用相关匹配提取示向角度值的方法。通过仿真研究了随天线半径波长比、相位不平衡度以及引入噪声变化的示向角误差分布规律。设计了工作频率为30 MHz~600 MHz的五阵元宽带测向天线,经过外场测试验证,在较低信噪比的条件下,基于相关匹配法得到的各测试频点测向精度整体优于传统的反正切三角函数计算法,且均方根误差小于5°时的天线测向带宽从1倍频程扩展到3倍频程。

Single Channel Direction Finding Technology Based on Small Aperture Antenna

The principle of small aperture direction finding antenna based on single channel Watson-Watt direction finding technology is introduced. The method of extracting directional angle value by using correlated matching is discussed. The distribution of angle of indication errors with antenna radius-to-wavelength ratio, phase imbalance and noise are studied by simulation. A five-element broadband direction-finding antenna with working frequency of 30 MHz ~ 600 MHz is designed. Verified in open area test site, under the condition of low signal-to-noise ratio, the direction-finding accuracy of each test frequency point based on correlation matching method is better than that of arc tangent function method. When the root mean square error is less than 5 degrees, the antenna direction finding bandwidth expands from 1 octave to 3 octaves.