缸套-活塞环摩擦副表面性能强化研究进展

缸套-活塞环是内燃机中最重要的摩擦副，该配副的磨损失效占内燃机摩擦磨损故障的40%左右。表面性能强化是提高缸套-活塞环摩擦副服役寿命和可靠性的重要方法。简要分析了内燃机缸套-活塞环服役工况与磨损失效机理，总结了影响缸套-活塞环摩擦磨损行为的重要因素。详细综述了表面改性、表面涂覆和表面复合处理技术在缸套-活塞环表面强化中的研究和应用现状，其中化学热处理、离子注入和表面淬火等表面改性技术，通过改变缸套-活塞环表面化学成分和组织结构，而改善其摩擦学性能，表面织构可起到贮存润滑油、容纳磨屑等重要作用。表面复合镀铬、气相沉积薄膜、热喷涂金属和金属陶瓷涂层等技术，也常用于缸套-活塞环的表面强化改性。同时，通过多种表面强化技术复合处理，如激光淬火和低温离子硫化复合、磁控溅射与渗氮复合、堆焊与表面滚压复合等，多种技术优势互补，可以实现缸套-活塞环摩擦副表面综合性能的协同提升。最后简要总结了各项表面强化技术的优缺点和亟待解决的问题。

Research Progress in Surface Performance Reinforcement of Cylinder Liner and Piston Ring Friction Pair

Cylinder liner-piston ring is the most important friction pair in the internal combustion engine and its wear failure accounts for about 40% of the friction and wear failure in the internal combustion engine. Surface performance reinforcement is an important method to improve the service life and reliability of the cylinder liner-piston ring friction pair. The service condition and failure mechanism of the internal combustion engine cylinder liner-piston ring were briefly analyzed. The important factors influencing the friction and wear behaviors of cylinder liner-piston ring pair were summarized. Then, the research and applications of surface modification, surface coating and composite surface treatments on the cylinder liner and piston ring surface reinforcement were reviewed in detail. Surface modification technologies such as chemical heat treatment, ion implantation and surface quenching could promote the tribological properties by improving the surface chemical composition and structure of cylinder liner and piston ring. The surface texturing had great importance in the storage of lubricating oil and abrasive debris. Composite chromium plating, vapor deposition of thin films and thermal spraying of metal and metal-ceramic coatings technologies were also suitable for cylinder liner-piston ring surface reinforcement and modification. Simultaneously, synergetic improvements of the surface comprehensive performance of the cylinder liner-piston ring friction pair and can be accomplished via various surface strengthening technologies, such as laser quenching and low temperature ionic sulfurizing, magnetron sputtering and nitriding, surfacing and surface rolling etc. and multiple complementary advantages. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of these surface performance reinforcement technologies and problems to be solved were briefly summarized.