余甘(Phyllanthus emblica L.)大小孢子发生及雌雄配子体发育研究

采用常规石蜡切片技术,对平丹1号余甘大小孢子发生及雌雄配子体发育进行研究.结果表明:药壁发育为双子叶型;绒毡层为腺质绒毡层;小孢子母细胞减数分裂时胞质分裂为同时型;产生四面体形四分体;成熟的花粉粒为二细胞型花粉;平丹1号余甘的雌蕊为上位子房,3心皮3室,每室含倒生胚珠2枚,为厚珠心,具珠心喙,胚囊为蓼形;平丹1号余甘部分大孢子母细胞、大孢子及胚囊发育异常,致使不能形成正常的卵细胞,不能进行受精.

Cytological Studies on Megasporogenesis and Microsporogenesis and the Development of Female and Male Gametophyte of Phyllanthus emblica L.

The megasporogenesis, microsporogenesis and development of female and male gametophyte of Phyllanthus emblica L. cultivar pingdan-1 were studied by way of paraffin section technique. The results showed that development of the anther wall of Phyllanthus emblica L. pingdan-1 followed the dicotyledonous type. The tapetum was glandular tapetum. The cytokinesis belonged to simultaneous type. The tetrads with tetrahedrons came into being during microsporocyte's meiosis; The mature pollen grain was the two-celled type; the gynoecia of Phyllanthus emblica L. pingdan-1 had epigynous ovary, 3 carpels, 3 loculuses with 2 anatropous ovules which were crassinucellate respectively, and the embryo sac of the gynoecia in Phyllanthus emblica L. pingdan-1 was Polygonum type; The observations proved that the megasporocytes, megaspores and embryo sac of Phyllanthus emblica L. pingdan-1 grow abnormally, the female flowers cannot create the normal egg cells and process fertilization.