失重对成骨细胞基因表达和细胞功能影响的研究进展

骨骼可以适应包括重力在内的各种机械刺激，并对骨形成与骨吸收之间的平衡进行调整。失重状态下的骨质减少主要归因于骨形成的减少，这与成骨细胞功能下降有关，表现为细胞增殖粘附能力下降，与分化成熟相关的物质(碱性磷酸酶，骨钙素和I型胶原)的mRNA及蛋白合成均减少，多种生长因子的分泌量以及细胞对其反应性下降。成骨细胞功能下降的机制尚不明确，有假说认为失重时细胞形态的改变导致了基因表达与功能的变化。

Effects of Microgravity on the Gene Expression and Cellular Functions of Osteoblasts

Skeleton system may adapt to multiform mechanical stimulus including gravity so as to modulate the balance between bone formation and absorption. Osteopenia under microgravity is mainly due to decrease of bone formation which relates closely to the low level of osteoblast activity. The proliferation and adhesive ability of osteoblast are reduced. The cells also expresse less messenger and protein of the differientiation and maturation related substances, such as alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin and type I collagen. The secretion of many growth factors is decreased and osteoblast responses less to them. It still remains unknown why the osteoblast is disfunctioned under microgravity. A hypothesis suggests the cellular shape changes may be the answer.