膜蒸馏用多孔陶瓷膜的疏水改性

膜蒸馏海水淡化是一种从源头上获得淡水资源的技术，是解决水资源紧缺的一种 重要途径。膜蒸馏需要的膜材料为多孔疏水膜，而陶瓷膜一般具有亲水性，所以陶瓷膜的疏水 改性是决定其在膜蒸馏中应用的关键。传统的疏水改性方法包括接枝聚合、仿生微纳结构构筑、 溶胶-凝胶、化学气相沉积、聚合物沉积等，改性后的疏水或者超疏水陶瓷膜已经被应用于膜蒸 馏海水淡化，但是长时间稳定性的不足阻碍了其实际工业应用。最近我们提出了一种有效的通 过聚合物热解对陶瓷膜进行疏水改性的方法，可以获得具有高热稳定性、化学稳定性、抗腐蚀、 抗冲击的疏水陶瓷膜，具有优异的长时间稳定性能，可获得稳定的淡水产出。本文将介绍各种 陶瓷膜疏水改性方法，阐述几种方法的优缺点，并且探讨他们在膜蒸馏海水淡化中的工业应用 潜力。

Hydrophobicity Modification of the Ceramic Membranes for Membrane Distillation

Membrane distillation desalination is a novel technology to obtain fresh water, which should be an important way to solve the shortage of water resources. The membrane for membrane distillation should be porous hydrophobic membrane, while ceramic membrane is generally hydrophilic, so the hydrophobic modification of ceramic membrane is the key to its application in membrane distillation. Traditional hydrophobic modification methods include graft polymerization, biomimetic micro-nano structure construction, sol-gel, chemical vapor deposition, polymer deposition, etc. Modified hydrophobic or super-hydrophobic ceramic membranes have been applied to seawater desalination by membrane distillation. However, the lack of long-term stability hinders its practical application. Recently, we proposed an effective method of hydrophobic modification of ceramic membrane by polymer pyrolysis, which leads to hydrophobic ceramic membrane with high thermal stability, chemical stability, corrosion resistance and impact resistance. Stable fresh water could be obtained with excellent long-term stability. In this paper, various hydrophobic modification methods of ceramic membrane are reviewed and evaluated, focusing on their potential applications in membrane distillation seawater desalination.