2种浮床植物吸收不同N/P水体中氮磷的研究

选取水稻、空心菜这2种常见植物作为研究对象，通过在容积为25 L的塑料水桶中设置浮床，在低、中、高3种N/P（分别为8∶1，25∶1，55∶1）富营养化水体表面种植植物，研究其对氮磷的去除效果。研究结果表明：①所选的2种试材--浮床水稻与空心菜能较好地吸收富营养化水体中的氮磷元素，可作为水体富营养化防治的浮床栽培植物进行推广；②在所选的3种N/P水体中，浮床水稻对TP的净去除率均大于浮床空心菜，而浮床空心菜对TN，NH₃-N的净去除率大于浮床水稻，可根据富营养化水体的性质，选择适合的浮床植物进行栽种；③在低N/P（比值为8∶1）的水体中，2种植物对TN，NH₃-N，TP的吸收能力最强，浮床水稻对其的净去除率分别为19.0%，91.4%，95.0%，浮床空心菜净去除率分别为28.2%，99.2%，87.2%。
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Removal of Nitrogen and Phosphorus by Two Plants Cultivated on Floating Bed at Different N/P Ratios

To research the ability of absorbing  nitrogen and phosphorus, experiments on rice and swamp cabbage(Ipomoea aquatica) were carried out. Rice and swamp cabbage were transplanted on floating beds on the surface of eutrophic water bodies of different N/P ratios (8∶1, 25∶1, and 55∶1) in 25L plastic buckets. Results show that rice and swamp cabbage can both absorb the nitrogen and phosphorus from water bodies, and are recommended as floating-bed plants to control eutrophication. Among the three water bodies of different N/P ratios, the amount of  TP removed by rice was higher than that by swamp cabbage, while TN and NH₃-N removed by rice were smaller than those by swamp cabbage. Different plants should be chosen depending on the characteristics of water bodies. In water body of low N/P ratio (8∶1), TN, NH₃-N, and TP were best removed by rice and swamp cabbage, with the net removal rate of 19.0%, 91.4%, 95.0% by  rice, and 28.2% , 99.2%, and 87.2% by swamp cabbage respectively.