不同新能源汽车补贴政策对市场稳定性的影响

目前，加快产业结构升级、形成新的经济增长点的需求，催生各国政府推出各种优化补贴政策以支持新能源汽车产业发展。针对新能源汽车补贴政策优化的问题，本文基于动力系统分支理论构建动态博弈模型，讨论了三种新能源汽车补贴，包括：1）研发补贴；2）市场补贴；3）混合补贴对市场稳定性的影响。结果表明：首先，新能源汽车研发补贴能刺激企业研发投入，但补贴的增加会降低市场稳定性；其次，新能源汽车市场补贴对企业研发投入的刺激效果弱于研发补贴，过度补贴会降低市场稳定性；最后，新能源汽车混合补贴下，研发补贴对企业研发投入的刺激效果优于市场补贴，对企业利润的刺激效果劣于市场补贴，对新能源汽车市场稳定性的提升优于市场补贴。基于此，本文认为增加对其他技术路线以及高端产品的市场补贴，未来对应企业的研发投入进行"研发投入间隔梯度补贴"，降低企业研发投入调整速度，以维护市场稳定，促进新能源汽车产业发展。

The Impact of Different New Energy Vehicle Subsidy Policies on Market Stability

At present, to accelerate the upgrading of industrial structure and the demand of forming new economic growth point, governments of most countries are urged to launch various optimized subsidy policies to support the development of new energy automobile industry. In the application process of subsidy policies for new energy automobile industry, there are both cases of research and development (R&D) subsidies or market subsidies acting alone, also cases where there are mixed subsidies at the same time. So, what impact does R&D subsidies have on R&D investment of new energy auto companies, and what is the effect on market stability? Can market subsidies stimulate the R&D investment of new energy auto companies and maintain market stability? What effect will the mixed subsidies of R&D and market have on the new energy automobile industry? What are the characteristics of each of the R&D subsidy market subsidies, and how should the subsidy method be selected? These issues are worthy of discussion. In view of the above, a dynamic game model based on the branch theory of dynamic system is constructed, and the effects of three new energy vehicle subsidies on market stability are discussed, including:1) research and development (R&D) subsidies; 2) market subsidies; 3) mixed subsidies. The results show that:firstly, new energy vehicle R&D subsidies can stimulate R&D investment, but the increase of subsidies will reduce market stability; Secondly, the incentive effect of new energy vehicle market subsidy on R&D investment is weaker than that of R&D subsidy; Finally, under the mixed subsidies of new energy vehicles, the incentive effect of R&D subsidies on the R&D investment of enterprises is better than that of market subsidies, the incentive effect on the profits of enterprises is worse than that of market subsidies, and the improvement of market stability of new energy vehicles is better than that of market subsidies. Based on this, it is suggested that the Backward slope of market subsidy should be reduced, and in the future we should carry out "R&D investment interval gradient subsidy" corresponding with the R&D investment of NEV enterprises, in order to reduce the adjustment speed of R&D investment, increase the market stability and promote the development of new energy automobile industry. The research conclusions of this paper provide a theoretical basis for reference based on enterprise R&D investment, industrial development, market stability, and improvement of new energy vehicle subsidies for regional characteristics and industrial development stages.In addition, the R&D investment is adjusted dynamically according to the profit signal, and the dynamic system branch and the chaotic bifurcation theory are applied to explain the relevant policy implications. If you further relax or change the relevant assumptions, you may get some new conclusions.