自噬的分子机制及其在糖尿病视网膜病变中的作用

糖尿病视网膜病变（diabetic retinopathy，DR）是糖尿病微血管并发症之一，具有特征性的眼底表现，是临床上导致糖尿病患者失明的重要原因。近年来DR的发病率显著增长，严重威胁到糖尿病患者的身心健康，已成为关乎民众健康乃至国计民生的社会问题。DR发病机制复杂，多种因素如氧化应激、缺氧、炎症反应、内质网应激、多元醇途径等，均被证实与DR的发病密切相关。近年研究发现，自噬作为机体一种重要的防御机制，参与了DR的发生与发展，其病理过程涉及多种信号转导通路，与氧化应激、缺氧及新生血管形成尤为相关。因此，自噬与DR的关系成为临床研究的热点。

Molecular mechanism of autophagy and its role in diabetic retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a microvascular complication of diabetes with a characteristic fundus manifestation，which has been a leading cause of blindness across the globe.In recent years,DR has been reaching an alarming proportion significantly,which has become a greater threat to the physical and mental health of diabetic patients.It has become a social problem related to the health of the people and even the national economy and the people’s livelihood.DR has a complex multifactorial pathogenesis and the exact mechanism has not been well elucidated.Many factors,such as oxidative stress,hypoxia,inflammation,endoplasmic reticulum stress and polyol pathway,have been identified to be involved in the pathogenesis of DR.Recent studies have found that autophagy,as an important innate defense mechanism,is involved in the development of DR.Its pathological process involves a variety of signal transduction pathways,in particularly related to oxidative stress,hypoxia and angiogenesis.Therefore,the relationship between autophagy and diabetic retinopathy has become a hot topic in clinical research.