天津郊县居民风险态度对乙型肝炎疫苗接种行为的影响研究

目的通过天津市郊县居民风险态度对乙型肝炎(乙肝)疫苗接种行为影响因素的调查,探寻健康教育改善路径。方法问卷调查宁河县和静海县6个村的1 031名16～60岁成人,采用PearsonX^2检验和非条件二分类Logistic回归分析方法研究风险态度对乙肝疫苗接种行为的影响。结果 Logistic回归分析显示,对其他变量进行控制后,调查对象的风险态度对其乙肝疫苗接种行为具有一定影响,年龄越小(OR=0. 94,95%CI:0. 93～0. 96,P <0. 001)、未婚(OR=8. 24,95%CI:2. 89～23. 60,P <0. 001)、自感健康较差(OR=1. 78,95%CI:1. 53～3. 49,P=0. 008)、正式工作者(OR=7. 18,95%CI:2. 29～22. 54,P=0. 001)、有医保(OR=8. 46,95%CI:2. 31～30. 86,P=0. 001)、风险规避(OR=1. 65,95%CI:1. 06～2. 57,P=0. 026)和风险中立者(OR=1. 50,95%CI:1. 03～2. 17,P=0. 032)更易选择接种乙肝疫苗。结论针对风险规避者和风险中立者,加强对乙肝疾病特征和疾病经济负担方面的健康教育,针对风险寻求者,可从乙肝流行趋势和传播途径等方面加强,使其对感染乙肝的概率有更科学的认识。

Study on the influence of risk attitude to hepatitis B vaccination behavior of residents in suburban areas

  Objective  To explore the influence of risk attitude to hepatitis B vaccination behavior of residents in suburban areas, and provide evidence for improvement of health education.  Methods  A total of 1 031 adults aged 16-60 years old were selected from 6 villages in Ninghe county and Jinghai county. A questionnaire was used to investigate them.  Results  Logistic regression analysis showed that respondents' hepatitis B vaccination behavior was affected by their risk attitude when controlling other factors. The younger (OR=0.94, 95% CI: 0.93-0.96, P<0.001), unmarried (OR=8.24, 95% CI: 2.89-23.60, P<0.001), low self-rated health (OR=1.78, 95% CI: 1.53-3.49, P=0.008), the formal sector workers (OR=7.18, 95% CI: 2.29-22.54, P=0.001), covered by health insurance (OR=8.46, 95% CI: 2.31-30.86, P=0.001), risk aversion (OR=1.65, 95% CI: 1.06-2.57, P=0.026) and risk neutral (OR=1.50, 95% CI: 1.03-2.17, P=0.032) were more likely to choose hepatitis B vaccination.  Conclusions  For the risk aversion and risk neutral, health education on disease symptoms and disease economic burden should be enhanced; for the risk seeking, more knowledge on prevalence trend and transmission route need to be improved.