五味子种质资源雌花心皮数及相关性状研究

目的研究五味子种质雌花心皮数的精确估算方法及其变异规律，为五味子种质资源的收集、评价和品种选育提供理论依据。方法采用资源调查和统计分析相结合的方法。结果采用公式y=5z＋n（y=心皮数；z=各行一致心皮数；n=顶端心皮数）对五味子雌花心皮数的估算值与实测值差异不显著。五味子种内雌花心皮数的变异系数为14.33％，种质平均心皮数19．5～44．0枚。五味子种质雌花心皮数与心皮坐果率呈极显著负相关；雌花心皮数同心皮坐果率的乘积与果穗质量、果穗果粒数呈极显著正相关；雌花心皮数与同节位雌花数呈极显著正相关；不同粗度枝条雌花心皮数差异显著。结论公式y=5z＋n可较精确估算五味子雌花心皮数。五味子种内雌花心皮数存在较大变异，可作为五味子种质资源收集、评价及品种选育的重要性状。进行雌花心皮数评价时需注意取样的代表性和典型性。

Female flower carpellary number and its related characteristics in germplasm resources of Schisandra chinensis

Objective To study the accurate estimated methods and its variant law of female flower carpellary number of germplasm resources and supply a theoretical base for the collection, evaluation, and breeding in Schisandga chinensis. MethodsThe combination of germplasm resources and statistical analysis was used. ResultsThe difference was not significant between the estimated data and the actual number of female flower carpellary number by using the assumed formula of y=5x+n (y: carpellary number; x:same carpellary number per row; n: apical carpellary number). The coefficient of variation was 14.33%; the carpellary number was 19.5-44.0. The carpellary fruit set ratio was negative correlated significantly with carpellary number; cluster weight and berry numbers were positive correlated significantly with the product of carpellary number and fruit set ratio; female flower numbers of the same node were positive correlated significantly with carpellary number; the carpellary number was signficantly different among the branches of various diameters.ConclusionCarpellary number could be estimated accurately by the formula of y=5x+n in S. chinensis. There existed a big variation in female flower carpellary number in germplasm of S. chinensis, and the carpellary number can be used as a major characteristics in collection, evaluation, and breeding of S. chinensis. More attention should be paid to the representativeness and typicalness of sampling in the evaluation of carpellary number.