结构转型、期望值与工作满意——对民工荒成因及对策的新视角

本文在实证研究的基础上,发现农民工素质结构发生了明显转型,在此基础上农民工,尤其是第三代农民工对工作的期望值从量和质两方面都大大提高,这与农民工输入地僵化的经济生态发生错位,由此导致农民工尤其是第三代农民工就业心态不稳定,这是民工荒突然出现的内在原因。为此,地方政府应该在职业培训、宣传推广、失业救助、社会交往、行业管理几方面有所作为;对企业来说,不提高农民工薪酬不行,只提高薪酬也不行,还应该尽力改善农民工尤其是第三代农民工关注的“非经济指标”。

Structural Transfer, Expectation and Job Satisfaction: A New Perspective of the Labor Shortage

Empirical research finds that the quality structure of the workers from the rural has undergone a conspicuous change.The job expectation of third-generation workers has changed greatly both qualitatively and quantitatively,which is incompatible with the rigid economic ecology of the labor inflow areas.This leads to the unstable employment of the workers from the rural,especially the third-generation,which is the internal cause of labor shortage.To overcome the labor shortage,the local governments have to play an active role in occupation training,education,unemployment aids,social interaction,industry supervision.Meanwhile the enterprises should raise salary,and endeavor to improve the non-economic elements which are the concerns of the workers from the rural.