Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Neurospora crassa contain heavy metal sequestering phytochelatin |
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Authors: | Ralf Kneer Toni M. Kutchan Andreas Hochberger Meinhart H. Zenk |
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Affiliation: | (1) Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Biologie der Universität München, Karlstraße 29, W-8000 München 2, Germany |
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Abstract: | In fungi, cellular resistance to heavy metal cytotoxicity is mediated either by binding of metal ions to proteins of the metallothionein type or by chelation to phytochelatin-peptides of the general formula (-Glu-Cys)n-Gly. Hitherto, only one fungus, Candida glabrata has been shown to contain both metal inactivating systems. Here we show by unambiguous FAB-MS analysis that both a metallothionein-free mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as well as a wildtype strain synthesize phytochelatin (PC2) upon exposure to 250 M Cd2+ ions. The presence of Zn and/or Cu ions in the nutrient broth also induces PC2 synthesis in this organism. By 109Cd exchange and subsequent monobromobimane fluorescence HPLC, it could be shown that the presence of Cd2+ in the growth medium also induces phytochelatin synthesis in Neurospora crassa, which contains metallothioneins. |
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Keywords: | Phytochelatin Metallothionein Heavy metal detoxification Saccharomyces cerevisiae Neurospora crassa |
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