基于沿海蝗区飞蝗卵块分布格局的土壤空间异质性

以沿海蝗区南大港水库为研究区域,通过连续2a野外450m,50m规则栅格取样,利用地统计学方法,在GIS平台下,分析东亚飞蝗卵块分布格局与土壤空间异质性的研究,结果表明：（1）飞蝗卵块呈斑块、聚集分布,并具有明显的空间异质性,其空间自相关范围为390m,且主要分布在南大港水库的中部和东部,少数分布在南部,而在西部和北部地块几乎没有卵的分布。（2）研究区域内土壤含盐量和5cm含水量由空间自相关引起的空间异质性分别占总空间异质性的76.15%、78.04%,即表现出较强的空间相关性,空间自相关范围分别为594m,621m,土壤有机质和pH值具有中等强度的空间相关性,由空间自相关引起的空间变异分别为61.85%和57.19%,空间变异尺度分别为1014m,1368m。（3）研究区域内卵块主要集中在土壤含盐量较低（〈1.9%）、含水量适中（10.1%~29.9%）的中部和东部地块,而在土壤含水量较高（〉30%）的西部和盐分过重（〉3%）的北部几乎没有卵块的分布。即在一定程度上,蝗区土壤理化特性的空间异质决定了飞蝗卵块的空间分布特点。（4）卵块和土壤理化特性的空间格局图不仅为野外抽样调查、蝗灾预测预报及其防治提供科学依据，而且对蝗区环境改造具有重要指导作用。

Research on soil spatial heterogeneity based on Locusta migratoria manilensis egg pods spatial pattern in coastal locust areas

The soil spatial heterogeneity was studied by integrating geostatistical analysis and GIS techniques based on Locusta migratoria manilensis (Meyen) egg pods distribution pattern in coastal locust areas. Data of egg pods and soil properties, including soil water content at 5 cm, salinity, organic matter and pH, were collected from both spatial scales over two years (2002 and 2003) of extensive surveys: 450m intervals throughout the study area, then 50m grids for possible egg-laying areas which were located at the areas damaged by the locust plague or covered with sparse vegetation. Results showed that: 1) the spatial distribution of locust egg pods, mainly located at middle- and east areas, was patchy and aggregated. Egg pods in the field showed high heterogeneity and spatial autocorrelation was at a distance of about 390 m. 2) Spatial heterogeneity of autocorrelation in total spatial heterogeneity in soil water content at 5 cm, salinity, organic matter and pH were 76.15%, 78.04%, 57.19% and 61.85% respectively, and the scales of spatial heterogeneity were 621 m, 594 m, 1014 m and 1368 m respectively. 3) Locust egg pods were mainly located at middle-and east areas where soil salinity was lower(<1.9%) and soil water content was moderate at 5 cm (10.1%-29.9%) for locust oviposition. Whereas no egg pods were found at west and north areas because of high soil water content at 5 cm (>30%) and salinity(>3%). In a way, the spatial distribution pattern of locust egg pods mainly depended on the soil heterogeneity at the study area. 4) Spatial pattern maps of egg pods and soil properties, drived by block kriging, may provide useful information on sampling in the field, forecasting and monitoring locust plague and reclaiming the environment of locust areas.