农业技术推广工作的发端与演进

技术推广是人类最古老的技术活动之一,在科技与经济(生产)结合中,一直发挥着积极的中介作用。农业技术推广大致可分为伴随、分化和自立三个历史阶段。在原始农业阶段,技术推广是伴随着人们的生产活动、社会交往和住地迁徙进行的。主要手段是“口传身授”。尧帝时期举弃为农师,“教民稼穑”,可谓是古代从事农业技术推广的第一位农艺师。殷商、春秋时代,则伴随着文字或诗篇而传播。俟后,出现了“农家”和“农书”,这是古代技术推广演化的重要一步。西汉赵过首创了农业技术推广程序,第一次把农业技术推广纳入科学轨道;直到十九世纪,在世界上才出现独立的技术推广事业,并逐步形成科技与经济结合的媒介或纽带。

THE STARTING AND EVOLUATION FOR FARMING TECHONOLOGICAL EXTENSION

As one of the oldest activities in human history, the technological extension has played a key medium role in the process of linking techno- logy and production. The extension of agricultural technology can be roughly divided into three historical stages: Combination, Separation and independency, in primitive agrisociety, the technology extension was Con- ducted in Combination with the productive and social activities as well as migration of human being. A major method was "teaching by personal verbal instruction". In the time of rao, qi who was recommanded for teaching people how to grow crops can be called the first agronomist of spreading farming technique. In the dynasties of Shang and Yin as well as the Spring and Autumn period, writings or poems were also used to spread technology. Since then, the Come-out of 《Peasant Familly》and 《Farming》was an important step of ancient agricultural extension. Zhao Guo who lived in Xi Han Pynasty initiated the spreading precedure of farming technique and made it as a science first.There was no indenpen- dent industry of technological extension in the world until 1900's. Since then, extension has gradually become the medium、bridge or link to the combination of technology and economy.