县域滑坡灾害风险管理信息系统研发与应用: 以陕西省宁强县为例

滑坡风险管理是国际上广泛应用于滑坡灾害防灾减灾的有效途径之一。以县域滑坡灾害风险管理信息系统(County Landslides Risk Management Information System,CLRMIS)研发及应用为研究目标,在简述国内外相关研究现状的基础上,分析了我国县域滑坡灾害风险管理的基本特征与需求,设计了县域滑坡灾害风险管理信息系统的总体架构与功能模块,详细论述了县域滑坡灾害风险管理的技术流程、评价方法及评价标准,基于地理信息系统技术,完成了CLRMIS软件的开发。选择陕西省宁强县为应用研究区,基于CLRMIS平台,在对宁强县地质环境与地质灾害数据管理的基础上,采用信息量方法和要素权重叠加方法分别进行了区域(县域)滑坡灾害危险性和易损性研究,采用专家打分方法进行了单体滑坡灾害危险性和危害性研究,在此基础上应用风险矩阵分析方法进行了区域(县域)及单体滑坡灾害广义风险评价方法研究和基于降雨量的动态风险评价与预报预警。应用结果表明,CLRMIS能够在滑坡信息管理、风险分析与评价、预报预警等方面提供较为有效的支持,具有一定的实用价值。

LANDSLIDE RISK MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR COUNTIES: ILLUSTRATED WITH A CASE STUDY FOR NINGQIANG COUNTY

Nowadays, landslide risk management is an effective way for disaster prevention and mitigation, and has been widely used in the world. For the development of the county landslides risk management information system(CLRMIS),the paper discusses the characteristics, requirements and technical processes of the CLRMIS,constructs the system structure and functional modules, and develops the system by using geographic information techniques. We chose Ningqiang County, Shaanxi Province as the area for testing CLRMIS.Our work emphasized on the hazard analysis, consequence analysis, and the risk evaluation. Based on the CLRMIS,the county area’s landslides hazard and consequence were studied respectively by using information value method and weighted superposition method, the individual’s were studied by using expert scoring method. The landslides general risk, dynamic risk and forecasting were evaluated based on the qualitative risk analysis(QRA)matrix. The results show that the CLRMIS is able to provide an effective support for the landslides management, risk analysis, and prevention and mitigation to local authorities.