不同成熟度和产地初加工方法对莲子心中3种生物碱含量的影响

优化高效液相色谱法测定莲子心中莲心碱、异莲心碱和甲基莲心碱的方法,并对不同成熟度、不同产地初加工方法及市售莲子心中莲心碱、异莲心碱和甲基莲心碱的含量进行测定；采用50倍80%乙醇超声提取40min,以乙腈-0.1%三乙胺溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,能使得3种生物碱有效提取和分离。结果表明莲子以成熟后期时采收最佳；不同产地初加工方法中,晒干效果最佳,三种生物碱含量与其他温度烘干的莲子心呈显著性差异(P＜0.05),随着温度的不断升高,三种生物碱含量不断降低；不同前处理方法以整颗莲子干燥再取出莲子心方法更好；市售莲子心中,莲心碱含量在0.132%~0.245%,异莲心碱含量在0.196%~0.384%,甲基莲心碱含量为0.937%~1.207%,为莲子的采收、加工提供了理论依据。

Effects of different maturity and initial processing methods from different origins on the content of 3 kinds of alkaloids in Plumula nelumbinis

Objective To analyze and compare the content of limenine, isolimenine and methyllimenine in Plumula nelumbinis with different maturity and primary processing methods. Methods Ultrasonic extraction with 50 times of 80% ethanol was performed for 40 min, and acetonitrile-0.1% triethylamine solution was used as the mobile phase, followed by gradient elution for content detection. Results The Plumula nelumbinis was best harvested at the later stage of ripening stage; among the primary processing methods from different origins, the drying in the sun was the best, and the content of 3 kinds of alkaloids were significantly different from those of Plumula nelumbinis dried at other temperatures (P<0.05), with the increasing of drying temperature, the content of 3 kinds of alkaloids were continuously decreased; among the different pretreatment methods, the method of drying the whole lotus seed and then taking out the Plumula nelumbinis was better; commercially available Plumula nelumbinis contained 1.317?2.453 mg/g, limenine, 1.957?3.836 mg/g isolimenine, and 9.367?12.067 mg/g methyllimenine. Conclusion The content of limenine, isolimenine and methyllimenine in Plumula nelumbinis are the highest when it is harvested at the late ripening stage and the whole planet to dry. There are significant differences in the content of 3 kinds of alkaloids in different market Plumula nelumbinis (P<0.05), but all of them reach the standard of new pharmacopoeia.